ocr: Across Tme NO YES A NO 9 - e 16 = Out of sample Out of sample Out of tine U - - - - - - YES : - Out of sample Out of sampie Out of universe Out of tmne Out of universe: Figure 7: The Test Strategy Matrix. Testing strategies are based on whether they account for variances across time and across the data universe. Dark circles represent training data and white circles represent festing data. Gray circles represent data that may or may not be used for testing.